FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
culumalda orange-tree
culuina orange (colour)
note from David Salo's QL list; telluma and telumë both mean canopy
replaced by yávë
replaces yáva [LT1:273]
BREAD
coimas Eldaron the coimas of the Eldar (PM:395)
note from old coi life
corna round, globed
replaces masta
note the meaning of MBAS is knead
massánië breadgiver, used as a title of the highest woman among any Elvish people, since she had the keeping and gift of the coimas (lembas). Also simply translated "Lady" (PM:404)
masta- to bake [MBAS]
replaced by massa (VT43:18)
maxa pliant, soft
note the QL has pole oats, which corresponds to this entry (pole > porë) with a slight change in meaning.
OTHER FOOD
note earlier form is sarco
note later Quenya has hrávë
sarcuva corporeal, bodily (LT2:347)
sarqua fleshy (LT2:347)
FLUIDS
note the early Qenya gloss drink of the fairies (LT1:258)
liss-
lissë sweet (Namárië, RGEO:66)
miruvorë
nen-
note PPQ gives a reconstructed form salpa broth, liquid food, soup from Sindarin *salph < salf root SÁLAP (Boris Shapiro)
TEMPERATURE
helcë ice [KHELEK] (LT1:254)
helcelimbë ice-drop [KHELEK] [LIB 1]
note impersonal verb: hilca, hilcë, hilcenë (or hilcinë), ihilcië, hilcuva it freezes, froze, will freeze
adapted from obsolete form hilcin it freezes
invented from [LAW] warm
ref. PPQ
niquë it is cold, it freezes (WJ:417)
note Etym gives ringë [RINGI]
ringë cold pool or lake in mountains [RINGI]
AGE, TIME
enwina lúmë the old darkness (Markirya)
nessë youth [NETH]
nessima youthful [NETH]
oia everlasting [OY]
oialë everlasting (age?) [OY] also adverb (Namárië, RGEO:67)
oio endless period, ever (in compounds) (SA:los, UT:317)
oira eternal
oirë everlasting (age?)
tennoio forever tenna + oio (UT:305, 317 Cirion's Oath)
note same root as sí now
note found in compounds
Vincarna new-made, renewed (MR:408)
envinyata- to renew, heal (MR:405)
vorima continual, repeated [BOR]
vórima steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful (UT:317 Cirion's Oath)
voronwië endurance, lasting quality
voronwë steadfastness, loyalty, faithfulness
yalúmë former times [YA]
yalúmessë once upon a lime [YA], also yassë
yallumë at last (Fíriel's Song)
yárë former days [YA]
yáressë once upon a time [YA], also yassë
yára ancient, belonging or descending from former times [YA]
yerna old, worn [GYER]
BEAUTY, APPEARENCE
syn. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
opp. úvanima
note extracted from alahasta unmarred (MR:254)
hasta- to mar (MR:254)
hastaina marred (MR:254)
hesta- to wither (LT1:255)
syn. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
opp. úvanima
but linda singer, Lindar the Singers, what the Teleri called themselves (notice that the Laiquendi call themselves Lindi) (WJ:380, MR:349, UT:253);
syn. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
opp. úvanima
syn. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
opp. úvanima
syn. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
opp. úvanima
isolated from Nísimaldar Fragrant Trees (UT:167)
Nísinen Fragance-water, a lake in Númenor (UT:168)
but nulla, nulda secret [DUL]
opp. vára
but sanca, þanca cleft, split [STAK]
Sancossi the Goblins (LT2:341)
þaura
úvanë noun? without beauty
opp. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
syn. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
opp. úvanima
vanessë beauty from older vanë fair (LT1:272)
opp. poica
syn. calwa, írima, linda, melima, melwa, vanima, vanya
vanya- to go, depart, disappear [WAN]
Vanyar the Fair, first clan of the Elves
yelta- to loathe [DYEL]
MORAL, USEFUL
opp. saila, saira
opp. ulca, úmëa
opp. maybe raica; or alamára could be used
contrast manë good, in a moral sense (LT1:260) opp. ulca evil, bad, wicked, wrong (QL:97, SD:68)
ñwalca
nwalmë, ñwalmë torment; name of tengwa 20 (Appendix E)
nwalya-, ñwalya- to pain, torment [ÑGWAL]
note has plural raicar in LR:47
opp. mára ?
syn. saira
opp. alasaila
syn. saila
opp. alasaila
sairon wizard [SAY]
sairina adj. magic (GL:72)
þanda
syn. ulca, úmëa
opp. manë
ulco noun evil (VT43:23)
syn. ulca, úmëa
opp. manë
OTHER QUALITIES
but older aica broad, vast (LT2:338)
Aicanáro Sharp-falme, Fell-fire, masculin name, S. Aegnor (SA:nár, PM:345, MR:323) = aica + nár
aicalë noun peak [AYAK]
aiqua steep
larca
syn. (a)larca, arauca, linta, tyelca
opp. lenca
syn. (a)larca, arauca, linta, tyelca
opp. lenca
note same as laicë?
but laica, laiqua green [LAYÁK]
syn. laica, laicë, maica, tereva
note same as laica?
syn. laica, laicë, maica, tereva
alarca
syn. (a)larca, arauca, linta, tyelca
opp. lenca
opp. (a)larca, arauca, linta, tyelca
léra free, of persons (VT41:5)
lerya- to set free, let go (VT41:5)
lerta- to be free to do, there being no impediment; to be able to do, there being no physical obstacle (= pol-) (VT41:6)
syn. (a)larca, arauca, linta, tyelca
opp. lenca
lis honey [LIS]
lumna lying heavy, burdensome, ominous [DUB]
syn. laica, laicë, maica, tereva
maica blade of a cutting tool or weapon, esp. sword-blade (VT39:11)
syn. maxa, moica, mussë
opp. norna, tarya
maxë dough [MASAG]
syn. maxa, moica, mussë
note also used as noun (for mussë tengwi sonorants)
syn. maxa, moica, mussë
syn. norna, tarya
opp. maxa
orna hasty [GOR]
þanda
syn. norna, tarya
opp. maxa
note TER, TERS means pierce
syn. laica, laicë, maica, tereva
note earlier tulunca (LT1:270)
tulca- to fix, set up, establish (LT1:270)
tulco support, prop [TULUK]
syn. (a)larca, arauca, linta, tyelca
opp. lenca
note attested plural tyeller
SHAPE
syn. aiqua, oronta; penda
syn. alta, taura, úra
opp. pitya, titta
syn. anda, lenwa, sóra
opp. sinta
adverb andavë
-canta
lassecanta leaf-shaped
but canta four
cantild-
invented canta four, TIL, cf. neltil, neltild- triangle
cantilya quadrangular invented
ref. PPQ (P.T.)
syn. cauca, cúna, hwarin, raica, rempa
opp. lenwa, téra
note isolated from cormacolindo ring-bearer
cornë loaf (LT1:257)
corn-
but coron mound
syn. cú, cúnë
syn. cumbë, hahta
syn. cauca, cúna, hwarin, raica, rempa
opp. lenwa, téra
cúna- intransitive to curve
syn. cú, cúnë
note earlier tólë (LT1:269)
contrast enda centre, heart (not physical, it is the core of the fëa soul or sáma mind itself) (VT39:32)
-endëa
note enya < endya, which is the older form still used by the Vanyar
syn. cumbë, hahta
syn. halla, tára, tunda
opp. sinta
syn. cauca, cúna, hwarin, raica, rempa
opp. lenwa, téra
hwarma crossbar [SKWAR]
syn. landa, palla
opp. lenwa
note < dála or láda
but latta strap [LATH]
syn. long anda, lenwa, sóra
syn. thin lenwa, linya, ninde, teren
syn. straight lenwa, téra
opp. short sinta
opp. thick tiuca
opp. crooked, bent cauca, cúna, hwarin, raica, rempa
opp. wide landa, palla
lenu- to stretch (Lt2:341)
reconstructed from Common Eldarin slindá with 'Noldorin' (Sindarin) meaning, [SLIN]
ref. PPQ
syn. lenwa, linya, ninde, teren
opp. tiuca
nasta- to prick, sting [NAS]
neltild-
note root [NIN-DE] means fragile, thin; do not confuse with nindë, past tense of nir- press, thrust, force
syn. lenwa, linya, ninde, teren
opp. tiuca
nauta adj. bound, obliged [NUT]
nut- to tie [NUT]
syn. aiqua, oronta; penda
orosta ascension (LT1:256)
rosta ascent (LT1:267)
syn. landa, palla
opp. lenwa
palu-, palya- to open wide
syn./opp. aiqua, oronta; penda
pendë slope, downslope, declivity [PEN, PÉNED]
píca- to lessen, dwindle, wane (Markirya)
note newer pitya, titta
isolated from Pityafinwe (PM:353), Pityanaucor (WJ:389)
note there is inya (LT1:256) which also means female [INI]; pitya or titta seem more appropriate
syn. pinilya, pitya, titta
opp. alta, taura, úra
note has plural raicar in LR:47
syn. cauca, cúna, hwarin, raica, rempa
opp. lenwa, téra
opp. good mára
syn. cauca, cúna, hwarin, raica, rempa
opp. lenwa, téra
rië crown [RIG]
rinda circular [RIN]
rotelë cave (LT2:347 Rothwarin)
rotto small grot or tunnel (PM:365)
rotsë pipe (musical?) (LT2:347 Rothwarin), plural rotser (Narqelion:9, VT40:8, 24)
opp. long anda, lenwa, sóra
opp. tall halla, tára, tunda
but sinta- to fade [THIN]
syn. anda, lenwa, sóra
opp. sinta
note applies to words, see talma
taina lengthened, extended [TAY]
taita to prolong [TAY]
talta- to slip, slide down, collapse, slope [TALÁT]
atalta- to collapse, fall in [TALÁT]
note older tá (LT1:264)
syn. halla, tára, tunda
opp. sinta
tárië height
syn. alta, taura, úra
opp. pitya, titta
tella hindmost, last [TELES]
note often applied to the last item in a structure, such as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle; telmello telmanna from hood to base, from crown to foot, from top to bottom
telmë hood, covering [TEL, TELU]
telimbo canopy, sky (LT1:268)
telluma dome, cupula; esp. Dome of Varda from Valarin (WJ:399, 411, Namárië, RGEO:66)
telta- to canopy, overshadow, screen [TEL, TELU]
tëa straight line, road
note the root [TE3] in Etym was changed to [TEÑ], téra being now < teñrá; SD:310 has téna (typo?)
syn. lenwa, téra
opp. cauca, cúna, hwarin, raica, rempa
terenë
note TER, TERES means pierce
tereva fine, acute [TER, TERES]
syn. pinilya, pitya, titta
opp. lenwa, linya, ninde, teren
tiuya- to swell, grow fat
note newer endë [NÉD, ÉNED]
syn. halla, tára, tunda
tundo hill, mound
tyeld-
tyeldë
tyel- end, cease [KYEL]
tyelima final [KYEL]
tyelma ending (Fíriel's Song)
syn. alta, taura, úra
opp. pitya, titta
QUANTITY, CAPACITY
see quat-
see not-
syn. cumna, lusta
opp. penquanta, quanta
Cúma the Void
note future enquantuva
see quat-
but er only, but, still (LT1:269)
er- to remain (LT1:269)
farëa
note Etym [PHAR] has farëa
opp. ufárëa (FS)
note past tense farnë
hosta- to gather, collect, assemble [KHOTH] (Markirya)
hostaina gathered
ilquen eveybody (WJ:372)
note plural ilyë
see quat-
note only attested as instrumental lestanen in measure; the verb lesta- (lendë) to leave is deprecated and replaced by lelya- (lendë), the meaning of its root ELED being changed.
lin- prefix many [LI]
li-
note lin- is mostly used
lillassëa having many leaves
lindornëa having many oaks
lilótëa having may flowers
syn. cumna, lusta
opp. quanta full
nótë number
nótina counted
únótë, únótëa not counted, uncounted (VT39:14, there with short vowels)
únótima impossible to count (Namárië, RGEO:66, Appendix E)
avanótë without number, numberless [AWA, AR 2] [NOT]
onot- to count up [NOT]
see not-
peñquanta
syn. quanta
opp. cumna
see quat-
syn. penquanta
opp. cumna
see quat-
note future quantuva
enquat- re-fill
quanta full [KWAT]
penquanta full to the brim, with mouth full (VT39:11)
aqua fully, completely, altogether, wholly (WJ:392)
-inqua -full (of something) (WJ:392)
note attested plural tyeller
opp. fárëa [PHAR]
invented analogical to ilqua everything, all
CHANGES IN SHAPE AND QUALITY
note past tense ataltanë (LR:47, SD:247), atalantë (LR:56)
atalantë downfall, collapse
atalantëa ruinous, downfallen
note treat as aucir-
compare hóciri-
carmë art (UT:396)
encarmë production extracted from oiencarmë [Eruo] [God's] perpetual production (MR:329, 471)
curwë craft, skill of the hand, technical skill and invention [KUR] (VT41:10, PM:360, 344)
erca prickle, spine [ÉREK]
fassë tangled hair
note extracted from passive participle hastaina marred (MR:254)
hasta marred (MR:254)
hessa dead, withered (LT1:255)
himba adhering, sticking
note treat as hócir-
compare auciri-
hwesta breeze, breath, puff of air; name of tengwa 12 [SWES]
hwindë eddy, whirlpool [SWIN]
note past tense perhaps hyandë since the R of hyar- was originally D
but hyar noun plough (LT2:342)
hyatsë cleft, gash
hyando 'cleaver', sword [SYAD]
note from root [STAK]:
sanca, þanca cleft, split noun? [STAK]
lehta free, released (VT39:17)
lenwa long and thin, straight, narrow (LT2:341)
note may be simply a stem, used to form lócë serpent
but maca- forge metal (VT41:10)
note macil can be derived from both mac- and maca-
namba hammer
nasta spear-head, point, gore, triangle; prick, point, stick, thrust [SNAS, SNAT] [NAS]
note notice the long á!
ninquita- to shine white [NIK-W]
note VT41 glosses though applicable to the pressure of a person on others, by mind and 'will' as well as by physical strength, it could also be used of physical pressures exerted by inanimates; past tense nindë; the root [NID] in Etym means lean against, in VT41 (ca. 1968) force, press(ure), thrust
but nindë slender
note attested pelecta-
perina divided in middle, halved [PER]
pica small spot, dot [PIK]
rácina passive participle of rac-
compare racina stripped, deprived (VT39:6)
rincë flourish, quick shake
rista noun cut [RIS]
note only attested as saccante, translated rent
tailë legthening, extension [TAY]
taina lengthened, extended [TAY]
tambaro woodpecker [TAM]
note (not attested) past tense tiunë, perfect itívië
tiuca thick, fat
note only attested in GL as root VENE with same meaning. This would clash with [WEN, WENED] maiden and [GWEN] green, fresh
venwë
GATHER, POSITION, MOVEMENT
note attested only as participle amortala; am-, amb- up- [AM 2] + orta- to rise, raise, lift up [ORO] (Nam, RGEO:67, Letters:426)
past tense ánë (VT44:19 note 1)
but anta face [ANA 1]
anna gift; name of tengwa 23 [ANA 1] (SA, Appendix E)
antë giver (f.) [ANA 1]
anto giver (m.) [ANA 1] not to confuse with mouth
note presumably a verb, not a noun (?)
1 past tense oantë, perfect oantië
2 past tense vánë (archaic anwë), perfect avánië, past participle vanwa
syn. 2 vanya-
but auta- invent, originate, devise [GAWA, GOWO]
sindanóriello caita mornië i falmalinnar imbë met out of a grey land darkness lies on the foaming waves between us
note extracted from cormacolindo Ring-bearer, colla past paticiple worn noun vestment, cloak = collo, cólo burden
past tense hallë
syn. ham-, har-
syn. ham-, har-
harna wounded [SKAR]
harwë wound
harma treasure, a treasured thing; name of tengwa 11, later called aha [3AR] (Appendix E)
hildi, -hildi followers; mortal men; also heirs
Hildor the Followers, mortal men
hormë urgency
hortalë speeding, urging
rimpa rushing, flying [RIP]
hostaina gathered
hosta large number
lanta, -lantë noun fall
note past tense lendë; lelya- replaced both lesta- [ELED] and linna- [LED]
Lembi the Telerin Ilkorins [LEB, LEM]
(VT44:16) 1968 CE stem LEP, leper finger
lutu-
menta sending, message
sanwementa thought-sending, mental message (VT41:5)
syn. mista-, ranya-
nauta adj. bound, obliged [NUT]
nútë bond, knot [NUT]
syn. panya-, tulca-
extracted from nuquerna reversed, under-turned
querna turned from nuquerna reversed, under-turned
attested racta-
syn. mista-, ranya-
ránë noun straying, wandering [RAN]
ranya erratic wandering (VT42:13)
compare with newer roita- to pursue
rembë mesh (VT42:12 [REB, REM])
rembina entangled (VT42:12 [REB, REM])
remi- to snare (VT42:12 [REB, REM])
remma noun snare (VT42:12 [REB, REM])
compare with older rauta- to hunt
note in Markirya, this verb is intransitive: raumo nurrua, undumë rúma the storm mumbling, the abyss moving, with the stem acting as participle.
satya private, separate, not common (VT42:20 [SAT])
attested in compound apsene- to forgive
note past tense tancë
tanca firm, fixed, sure [TAK]
tancil pin, brooch [TAK]
tangwa hasp, clasp [TAK]
contrast tango twang [TING, TANG]
note this is not a -ta suffixed verb, the t is part of the root
talta adj. sloping, tilted, leaning, noun incline [TALÁT]
atalta- to collapse, fall in [TALÁT]
note past tense túlë (for tullë?)
syn. panya-, tulca-
tulca firm, strong, immovable, steadfast [TULUK]
tulco support, prop [TULUK]
invented from the root meaning stand up (straight), the verb is not attested. cf. tyulya-
invented from the root meaning stand up (straight), the verb is not attested
tyulma mast [TYUL] (SD:419)
tyulussë poplar-tree [TYUL]
tyulta- to rear up, stick up (QL)
vanta noun walk [BAT]
note past tense vannë
syn. auta-
vanya fair
wil-
reconstructed from ON. yurine
ref. PPQ
VISIBILITY, OPEN-CLOSE
opp. latya-
syn. foina, furin, hurin
foa hoard, treasure (LT2:340)
fólë secrecy (LT2:340)
fólima secretive (LT2:340)
note = hurin
syn. foina, furin, hurin
note < skalná
note < skelná
helma skin, fell [SKEL]
syn. hir-, tuv-
note = furin
syn. foina, furin, hurin
látië openness (VT39:23)
opp. avalatya-
lomba noun secret (LT1:255)
minya eminent, prominent; first (VT42:24, 25)
muilë secrecy [MUY]
isolated from nurtalë noun hiding (Silm)
contrast panda enclosure [PAD]
tup-
note top-, past tense tompë
variant tup-, isolated from untup- cover under
tópa- to roof, also noun roof [TOP]
note GL:71 has tuvu- receive
syn. hir-, tuv-
varna safe, protected, secure [BAR]
varnassë security [BAR]
waþarya-
vasar, waþar veil (not in daily use)
STOP, ALLOW, COMPEL
but lav- to lick [LAB]
opp. nuhta- to stunt
note avaquet-, váquet- refuse, forbid [KWET] is an act of will and word, not really suitable in the kitchen
métima last
metta end
mentë point, end
mausta compulsion [MBAW]
maurë need [MBAW]
nut- to tie [NUT]
nútë bond, knot [NUT]
opp. lav- (2) to allow
nauca stunted, esp. of things that though in themselves full-grown were smaller or shorter than their kind, and were hard, twisted or ill-shapen (WJ:413, VT39:7)
pusta noun stop, in punctuation full stop [PUS]
putta stop in punctuation
note past tense sendë
senda resting, at peace [SED]
sérë noun rest, repose, peace [SED]
note past tense tampë
tapta impeded [TAP]
note (WJ) stated as tele-
telda last, final (WJ:407)
tella hindmost, last [TELES]
tellë rear [TELES]
tyelima final [KYEL]
tyel tyeld- tyeldë noun end [KYEL] (Fíriel's Song)
tyelma ending (Fíriel's Song)
SENSES
syn. fauca, soica
note (not attested) past tense feunë, perfect efévië
note was ten- (MC:213)
hloni sounds
lasta listening, hearing [LAS 2]
lastalaica listening-ears
note this participle presuposes an unattested verb hac(a)- or hác(a)-
note Etym [ÑOL] gives holmë odour; this ñ > h is strange, maybe a mis-reading? But from [ÑGOL] we have nolmë knowledge, philosophy ...! This form holmë presuposes a root [3OL], [KHOL] or [SKOL], which we don't find in Etym.
intyalë imagination [INK/INIK]
but írë when (relative)
írima lovely, beautiful, desirable [ID] (FS)
note past tense sintë
issë knowledge, lore [IS]
ista, istya knowledge [IS]
istima adj. having knowledge [IS]
istyar scholar, learned man [IS]
syn. lapsa-, lav-, (salpa-), sulp-
compare lapsë babe [LAP]
but lav- to allow [DAB]
syn. lapsa-, lav-, (salpa-), sulp-
syn. lor-, muru-
lorda drowsy (LT1:259)
lorna asleep (LT1:259)
lórë slumber [LOS]
mailëa lustful [MIL-IK]
mata-
note past tense mantë
compare maurë need [MBAS]
note past tense mernë
milca greedy [MIL-IK]
milmë desire, greed [MIL-IK]
mína desiring to start, eager to go (VT39:11)
syn. lor-, muru-
murmë noun slumber (LT1:261)
murmëa slumberous (LT1:261)
nauþë
ñol-
invented but Etym suggests it. It is practically impossible to make derivative words from [ÑOL], because of the confusion with derivates of [ÑGOL] 'wisdom', which are many. Under the same entry [ÑOL], Etym gives holmë (see comments there), which presuposes a root [3OL], [KHOL] or [SKOL] not given in Etym. Maybe we should change our verb to hol-, and make derivates from this root?
olos olor-, olor dream, vision [LOS, ÓLOS] (LT1:259)
olórëa, olosta dreamy
note probably verb and noun
note + from, ablative?
compare the past participle rúcina also means confused, shattered, disordered, ruined (Markirya)
rúcima terrible (WJ:415)
ruhta- to terrify (WJ:415)
syn. lapsa-, lav-, (salpa-), sulp-
salpa bowl (LT1:266)
syn. fauca, soica
note a later form is lav-
syn. lapsa-, lav-, (salpa-), sulp-
þúya-
súlë, þúlë spirit, breath; name of tengwa 9 [THÚ] (Appendix E)
note treat as tev-
tevië hatred (LT1:268)
tevin hated (QL:90, LT1:268)
yámë yawnimg (MC:214)
yelwa loathesome [DEYEL]
RELATED WORDS
invented from alma wealth, good fortune root GALA
ref PPQ (Mellonath Daeron)
aþar
note isolated from Essecilmë name-choosing and cilmessë choice-name, self-name
curu- prefix
furin, hurin hidden, concealed (LT2:340)
furu noun lie (LT2:340, GL:36)
note isolated from Eruhantalë
note isolated from Eruhantalë
á hyamë rá + dative pray for / on behalf of ...(us etc.)
tyermë prayer isolated from Erukyermë (UT:166)
laitalë praising isolated from Erulaitalë (UT:166, 436)
mancalë commerce [MBAKH]
macar tradesman [MBAKH], but also swordsman (originally, forger) (VT39:11)
merend-
merendë
merya festive [MBER]
meryalë holiday [MBER]
nosta- beget (SD:t3), give birth (LT1:272)
quelië waning in Narquelië
quellë fading; in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition, for the latter part of autumn and the beginning of winter (Appendix D)
note past tense rendë
note related to tana that (anaphorical)
tanna sign (MR:385)
note present tëa, past tense tengë, noun tengwë sign; similar to ëa exists, engë existed, engwë thing
tyalië sport, play, game [TYAL] (LT1:260)
verya bold
verië boldness
enyal- to recall (UT:317 CO)
yulma cup, drinking-vessel (Namárië, RGEO:67, WJ:416)